Networking Standards

Who creates a formal standards?

        An official industry or government group creates a formal standard. For example, formal standards exist for Web browsers (e.g., HTTP, HTML), network layer software (e.g., IP), data link layer software (e.g., Ethernet IEEE 802.3), and physical hardware (e.g., Ethernet IEEE 802.3). (e.g., V.90 modems).Formal standards take several years to establish, during which time technology evolves and makes them outdated.

 standards that are categorized in one of two ways 

De facto

    De facto refers to something that has happened in the past or is proven to be true. Without any formal planning, these standards are developed. Because of historical developments, these standards have emerged. Many organizations around the world continue to follow these guidelines. The widely accepted SNA is an example of this.

De jure

    De jure refers to a legal or regulatory framework. These standards were created after extensive research to meet the needs of data communication. The following are the major organizations that develop communication protocols and standards:

1. American national standard institute (ANSI)
2. Institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE)
3. International standard organization (ISO)
4. International telecommunications union – telecommunication standards sector (itu-t)
5. The electronic industries association (EIA)

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