Networking Fundamental

     In Networking fundamental we study the building blocks of modern network design .Where we learn about the many different types of networks, networking concepts, network architecture, network communications and network design .

                                          

       Network is a group of two or more computer systems or other devices that are linked together to exchange data. Networks share resources, exchange files and electronic communications.

Why we study network fundamental?

    Network Fundamental is important to ensure that hardware and software can work together. Without Fundamental you could not easily develop a network to share information . Along with fundamental here are some standards that are categorized in two ways 

De facto

De jure

                            : Click standards to study network standards :

OOP

 What is OOP ?

        OOP stands for Object-oriented programming . the computer programming model based on the concept of "objects" . in OOP software is organized around data or object instead of function and logic .

        OOP focuses on the objects that developers want to handle rather than the logic required to handle them. This approach to programming is well-suited for programs that are large, complex and needs actively updates or to be  maintained. This includes programs for manufacturing and design, as well as mobile applications; for example, OOP can be used for manufacturing system simulation software.

        In OOP projects are divided into groups .plus benefits of OOP include code reusability, scalability and efficiency.

 The structure of object-oriented programming

The structure building blocks of object-oriented programming are  four as follows:

-  Classes

-  OBJECTS

-  Methods

-  Attributes / properties

• Classes are user-defined data types that act as the blueprint for individual objects, attributes and methods.
• Objects are instances of a class created with specifically defined data. Objects can correspond to real-world objects or an abstract entity. When class is defined initially, the description is the only object that is defined.
• Methods are functions that are defined inside a class that describe the behaviors of an object. Each method contained in class definitions starts with a reference to an instance object. Additionally, the subroutines contained in an object are called instance methods. Programmers use methods for reusability or keeping functionality encapsulated inside one object at a time.
• Attributes are defined in the class template and represent the state of an object. Objects will have data stored in the attributes field. Class attributes belong to the class itself.

There are four main principles of OOP:

1- Encapsulation.

2- Abstraction.

3- Inheritance. 

4- Polymorphism.

1- Encapsulation.

      This principle states that all important information is contained inside an object and only select information is exposed.

2- Abstraction.

     Objects only reveal internal mechanisms that are relevant for the use of other objects, hiding any unnecessary implementation code.

3- Inheritance.

     Classes can reuse code from other classes. Relationships and subclasses between objects can be assigned, enabling developers to reuse common logic while still maintaining a unique hierarchy.

4- Polymorphism.

     Objects are designed to share behaviors and they can take on more than one form. The program will determine which meaning or usage is necessary for each execution of that object from a parent class, reducing the need to duplicate code .

Popular pure OOP languages include:

• Ruby

• Scala

• JADE

• Emerald

Programming languages designed primarily for OOP include:

• Java

• Python

• C++

In any next blog we will Discuss about OOP benefits .

Which language learning will be profitable nowadays

 

     After researching that which language is on trend and which is on descend we also have discussed the pros and cons of different languages .We have also compared them to each other to get better outcome .according to me the beginner should start with baby steps from easy basic language which have strong background and wide support .This helps the beginners but no one can just stay on any one basic language because different platform ,users and system demands different language approach .

       due to this we should have multiple language knowledge  if asking me what I would like develop what is  my interest , then my answer will be simple “My interest is in robotics and A.I,I want to design my own robot(not terminator)” anyway talking other then my interest world is also demanding the A.I system in daily life . but A.I is in progress this will take time to gaining the top position . Till that point we can go with language that can be used across the different platform and going popular these days. The top five languages that every programmer should know before jumping off to practical life.

Python:

Nowadays python is gaining popularity in market. Python undoubtedly tops the list. It is widely accepted as the best programming language to learn first. Python is a fast, easy-to-use, and easy-to-deploy programming language that is being widely used to develop scalable web applications. YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest  are all build in Python coding.

 Python provides excellent library support and has a large developer community. The programming language provides a great starting point for beginners. Those who are looking for a better job  should definitely learn Python ASAP. A lot of Beginners are using Python as their primary backend stack .

C/C++

C/C++ is like the bread and butter of programming. Almost all low-level systems such as operating systems, file systems, etc are written in C/C++. If someone want to be a system-level programmer, C/C++ is the language you should learn. C++ is also widely used by competitive programmers owing to the fact that it is extremely fast and stable.

 C++ also provides STL - Standard Template Library. STL is a pool of ready-to-use libraries for various data structures, arithmetic operations, and algorithms. The library support and speed of the language make it a popular choice in the High-frequency.

JAVA

Java is another popular choice in large organizations and it has remained so for decades. Java is widely used for building enterprise-scale web applications. Java is known to be extremely stable and so, many large enterprises have adopted it. If someone looking for a development based job at a large organization, Java is the language that you should learn.

 Java is also widely used in Android App Development. Almost any business today needs an Android Application by the fact  there are billions of Android users today. This opens up a huge opportunity for Java developers.

Swift

    Swift is the programming language that is used to develop iOS applications. IOS-based devices are becoming increasingly popular. Apple iPhone, for instance, has captured a significant market share and is giving a tough competition to Android. So we should know swift for ios based device.

    Before Swift, Objective C was the primary language for development iOS apps. In 2018, Swift got huge popularity and became number 1 programming language for Apple and iOS operating systems. Swift is highly recommended for creating interactive and feature-rich tvOS, iOS and watchOS platforms. 

HTML/CSS

    Both HTML and CSS are fundamental tech skills you can start using to work on real projects within weeks of diving in. And they are the place to start if you want to work in tech, whether you end up going into front end development, back end development, web design, visual design, or even digital marketing.  There is a huge demand for these skills .

  HTML and CSS alone aren’t enough to get you any work in tech is a very narrow way of looking at it. So take a look at the kind of work you can get paid to do with those two skills

      HTML provides the structure while CSS provides the style and helps them to look better and more visually appealing. HTML is the basic building block of an app. This language dictates the structure and contents of a web page. The main disadvantage of HTML is that it can’t help developers make web apps interactive. To enhance HTML pages with an aesthetic style and interface prompts, add a design, and display all HTML elements, developers use CSS.

   HTML language is dynamic and allows you to create a beautiful website using less code. HTML is used to create a starting point for the website and is what most of your static pages starting from. While CSS is the language developers can use to style a website. The style sheet language describes how your website is presented and its layout. CSS is used hand in hand with HTML to add colors, backgrounds, layouts, font sizes, and more.

 Detailed note on each language will be on air stay tuned

Introduction to data logic

                              data logic                                      

   A digital computer stores data in terms of numbers and proceeds in diffrent steps from one state to the next. The states of a digital computer typically involve binary digits (0 and 1) which may take the form of the presence or absence of magnetic markers in a storage medium , on-off switches or relays. In digital computers, even letters, words and whole texts are represented digitally in (o1) form.

     Digital Logic is the basis of electronic systems, such as cell phones and computers . Digital Logic is rooted in binary code, a series of zeroes and ones each having an opposite value. This system facilitates the design of electronic circuits that convey information, including logic gates. Digital Logic gate functions include and, or and not. The value system translates input signals into specific output. Digital Logic facilitates computing, robotics and other electronic applications. 

     All digital systems from the smallest to largest run on a 2-valued system (also called Binary system). So a mechanism is needed to represent the two values. This is typically accomplished with a switch that can be on or off. In the early days, mechanical switches were used, followed by vacuum tubes as switches. Today we use transistors that can be configured to approximate the switch on and off modes. Transistors are fast, inexpensive and small.

Transistor overview (the invention that makes today’s automation possible) 

     1)The transistor, invented by three scientists at the Bell Laboratories in 1947, rapidly replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic signal regulator.

   2) Transistors are the basic elements in integrated circuits (ICs). An IC consists of a very large number of transistors interconnected with circuitry and packaged into a single silicon microchip or "chip." A typical processor chip has many millions of transistors. 

   3) A transistor is developed based on semiconductor material characteristic. Semiconductor material used basically as a switch as shown below: 

The more explanation will be be on this blog soon.

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